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What are isolators?

An isolator is an electrical component designed to transfer electrical signals between two isolated circuits while preventing direct electrical connection. This ensures that the circuits remain electrically isolated from each other, protecting sensitive components from potential damage due to voltage spikes, noise, or unwanted interference. Isolators are crucial for maintaining the integrity and safety of electronic systems in various industries.

Functions of Isolators:

The main function of an isolator is to prevent electrical interference and to protect sensitive circuits from high-voltage surges or transients. They allow signals to pass through while maintaining galvanic isolation, which means no direct electrical path exists between the isolated circuits. This is particularly important in cases where ground loops, voltage spikes, or noise could affect performance or damage components.

Isolators typically operate by converting electrical signals into optical or magnetic signals before sending them to the other circuit. This process helps ensure that no direct electrical connection exists, yet the signal is still transmitted efficiently.

Applications of Isolators:

Data Communication Systems: Isolators are widely used in communication systems, such as fiber optics, to isolate the sending and receiving sides of the circuit. They help prevent noise or high-voltage transients from damaging data transmission lines.

Industrial Equipment: In industrial environments, isolators protect sensitive control systems from high-voltage equipment, such as motors or heavy machinery, that might generate electrical noise or transients.

Medical Devices: In medical electronics, isolators are used to protect devices from electrical interference, ensuring that diagnostic and therapeutic equipment operates safely without risk of malfunction due to electrical surges.

Power Supplies: Isolators are used in power supply systems to separate different parts of the system, ensuring that any faults or spikes in one area don’t affect other critical areas, such as the low-voltage control system.

Automotive Electronics: In automotive applications, isolators prevent electrical faults in high-voltage systems (such as electric vehicles) from affecting sensitive control or infotainment systems.

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